
In February-March 2026, Bitdefender Labs identified and mapped a sprawling global scam infrastructure and scalable disinformation-for-profit network that uses trusted news brands, real personalities, fabricated media narratives, emotional hooks, and advanced evasion techniques to drive victims into investment fraud funnels.
On February 9-March 5, 2026, we analyzed 310 malvertising campaigns distributed through paid advertising on Meta platforms.
In at least 25 countries on 6 continents, we have documented coordinated scam ad campaigns that:
These fake narratives are used as bait. The real objective is investment fraud, through high-risk trading platforms, binary options type schemes, crypto schemes, and direct deposit funnels. Many campaigns share UTM and pixel signatures, overlapping infrastructure, and coordinated launch timing, showing this is a single, scalable architecture with regional variants. The campaigns are not a single scam campaign but multiple sub-campaigns that appear as various “offers” built from the same components, likely run by two or three operator groups using a shared playbook.
Across these sub-campaigns, the end destination is consistent: lead-generation pages that collect details for follow-on contact and pressure tactics typical of investment fraud funnels.
Most variants follow the exact pattern:
Important Note: Some ad variants redirect users to cloned websites or fraudulent online shops, potentially enabling data harvesting, extortion, or other malicious activities. Additionally, threat actors may pre-stage or deliberately prepare certain websites to support future malicious campaigns, designing this infrastructure for reuse in follow-on attacks or broader fraudulent operations.
The scam operation uses several narrative archetypes, each tailored to a regional context but all with the same monetization funnel:
Each narrative is localizable, reusable, and emotionally compelling – precisely what makes them effective on social platforms.
(Across 310 Scam Campaigns)
| Archetype (share) | Example targets | Geographic prevalence |
|---|---|---|
|
Banking / Financial Scandal (~35%) Fake live TV confrontation where a bank CEO or central banker is “exposed” and storms off set. |
UBS (Ermotti); Bank of England (Bailey); Intesa Sanpaolo (Messina); NBP (Glapiński); BCR (Manea); BBVA (Torres Vila); Bank of Canada (Macklem); Maybank (Khairussaleh) | Western Europe; UK; Poland; Romania; Canada; Switzerland; Malaysia; Australia |
|
Celebrity Will / Testament (~40%) “Secret will” or inheritance revelation tied to hidden wealth or financial opportunity. |
Robert Jensen (NL); José van Dam (BE); Princess Désirée (SE); Max Martin (SE); Thierry Ardisson (FR); Élise Lucet (FR); Magda Umer (PL); Jana Brejchová (CZ); Maria João Abreu (PT); Mladen Horvat (HR); Kume Hiroshi (JP); Jorge Larrañaga (UY) | Global – most widely deployed template |
|
Political Figure Exposure (~25%) Politician allegedly exposed, arrested, or involved in scandal to trigger outrage. |
Salvini (IT); Schlein (IT); Wagenknecht (DE); Spanish candidates; Trzaskowski/Tusk (PL); Giertych (PL); Bosak (PL); Giorgetti (IT); Azam Baki (MY) | Italy; Spain; Poland; Germany; France; UK; Canada; Portugal |
(Approx. 26,000 Scam Ad Sightings | Feb 9 – March 5, 2026)
| Rank / country (share) | Approx. scam campaigns | Dominant themes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 – Poland (18–20%) | ~40 | Central bank scandal; political exposure; celebrity inheritance |
| 2 – Italy (15–17%) | ~35 | Political confrontation; banking scandal; celebrity wills |
| 3 – Spain (11–13%) | ~25 | Santander/BBVA banking scandal; political exposure |
| 4 – France (11–13%) | ~25 | Financial scandal; celebrity testament; media confrontation |
| Rank / country (share) | Approx. scam campaigns | Dominant themes |
|---|---|---|
| 5 – Netherlands (8–10%) | ~20 | Celebrity testament; ING/DNB scandal |
| 6 – Belgium (8–10%) | ~20 | RTBF/Le Soir banking scandal narratives |
| 7 – United Kingdom (5–6%) | ~12 | Bank of England confrontation; Lloyds CEO scandal |
| 8 – Canada (5–6%) | ~12 | Bank of Canada scandal; political accusation |
| 9 – Australia (5–6%) | ~12 | Commonwealth Bank scandal; celebrity will |
| 10 – Romania (4–5%) | ~10 | Libertatea impersonation; BCR/BNR scandal |
| Country (estimated share) | Approx. scam campaigns | Dominant themes |
|---|---|---|
| Czech Republic (3–4%) | ~8 | Central bank scandal; inheritance |
| Switzerland (3–4%) | ~8 | UBS/Blick confrontation |
| Portugal (3–4%) | ~8 | Celebrity inheritance; political debate |
| Croatia (2–3%) | ~6 | Celebrity estate spoof |
| Latin America (2–3%) | ~6 | Celebrity will scam |
| Germany (~2%) | ~5 | Political exposure |
| Malaysia (~2%) | ~5 | Maybank scandal; corruption narrative |
| Turkey (~2%) | ~5 | Banking scandal; celebrity will |
| Sweden (~2%) | ~5 | Celebrity will template |
| Norway (1–2%) | ~3 | Political scandal; inheritance |
| Japan (1–2%) | ~3 | Celebrity will; central bank controversy |
| Brazil (<1%) | ~2 | Political testament narrative |
| Philippines (<1%) | ~2 | Broadcaster spoof; celebrity will |
| South Africa (<1%) | ~1 | Generic news impersonation |
| Saudi Arabia (<1%) | ~1 | Religious/political detention narrative |
Examples of scam pages where users are redirected after engaging with the ads:
UK version:





Germany:



France:



Romania fake will ad:

The ad is distributed in multiple versions in order to avoid detection. Some versions redirect to clean URLs and others redirect to malicious ones
"[National Journalist] confronts [Bank CEO / Finance Minister] on live TV. The banker says 'You are lying to millions of [nationals]!', rips off the microphone, and storms out of the studio."
This is the largest and most geographically dispersed sub-campaign. It uses a template that reuses local public figures and national institutions, framed as a live on-air confrontation, then pivots to an “investment” outcome. The analysis notes the underlying product is likely binary options, forex, crypto “investment,” or financial data harvesting.
According to our analysis, this exact script (differing only in names and language ) was deployed simultaneously here:
| Country / media brand | Public figures | Narrative |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom – BBC | Nigel Farage; Andrew Bailey (Bank of England) | Live TV confrontation framing tied to the Bank of England |
| Belgium – Le Soir | Phara de Aguirre; Ton van der Ham | Bank CEO “walks out” during a studio confrontation |
| France – France 5 (“C à vous”), Le Figaro | Bruno Le Maire; Christine Lagarde; Élise Lucet; Léa Salamé; Caroline Roux | Finance minister / ECB confrontation narrative presented as breaking news |
| Switzerland – Blick | Sergio Ermotti (UBS); Karin Keller-Sutter; Reto Lipp | UBS CEO flees a live interview after being challenged |
| Denmark – DR / Deadline | Jacob Kragelund; Chris Vogelzang | Bank director storms out mid-broadcast |
| Australia – Commonwealth Bank framing | Matt Comyn; Ross Greenwood; Adele Ferguson | Bank CEO publicly “grilled” in a confrontation setup |
| Netherlands – DNB (Dutch Central Bank) | Klaas Knot; Eva Jinek | Central bank confrontation framed as a talk show scandal |
| Germany – political media framing | Sahra Wagenknecht; Alice Weidel | Political-economic scandal narrative presented as an exposure |
| Turkey – national news framing | Banking and finance personalities (varied) | Banking scandal narrative used to drive clicks |
| Canada – CBC “Power & Politics” | Robert Fife; Dave McKay (Royal Bank) | Royal Bank CEO walks out of a televised confrontation |
| Norway – NRK | Ida Wolden Bache (Central Bank Governor) | Central bank confrontation framing |
| Spain – La Sexta, El Mundo | Ana Botín (Santander); Carlos Torres Vila (BBVA); Jordi Évole; Gloria Serra | Santander / BBVA confrontation narrative on national TV |
| Italy – Rai 1 “Porta a Porta” | Carlo Messina (Intesa Sanpaolo); Milena Gabanelli; Corrado Formigli; Giancarlo Giorgetti | Intesa Sanpaolo scandal narrative presented as live TV |
| Poland – political media framing | Rafał Trzaskowski; Grzegorz Braun; Donald Tusk (varied) | Political-economic “live exposure” narrative |
| Portugal – national TV framing | National banking / political figures (varied) | Studio confrontation format used to push investment funnels |
| Greece – in.gr | Finance Ministry representatives | National debt / banking exposure narrative |
While the basic visual script is the same, each country version has local names and local broadcasters, making the scam feel real to residents.
This branch swaps “bank scandal” for “inheritance shock,” but keeps the same idea: emotionally charged “exclusive” content that pushes the click, then the lead form.
| Country / media | Celebrity | Narrative |
|---|---|---|
| Poland – Onet.pl, Gazeta.pl variants | Magda Umer, Dominika Żukowska, Edward Linde-Lubaszenko | "Shocking final will" revelation |
| Romania – Libertatea | Rodica Stănoiu | Testament + financial revelation |
| Norway – national news portals | Åge Hareide | Secret will shock |
| France – national media | Roland Courbis | "Before his death" financial revelation |
More examples:
While these do not involve live TV confrontations, they follow the same emotional steps:
3) Sub-campaign C: “Romanian Live Studio” variants
This is entirely focused on Romania and combines elements of both sub-campaigns A and B. It includes a fabricated "live TV scandal" content involving Romanian celebrities (Florin Piersic) confronting journalists (Denise Rifai), alongside direct bank CEO confrontation content (BCR/Sergiu Manea vs. Cristian Leonte). This group uses a different infrastructure from Sub-Campaign A/B's Romanian presence, suggesting a partially distinct operator.
| Country / Media Brand | Public Figures | Narrative |
|---|---|---|
| Romania – Romanian TV talk shows | Florin Piersic; Denise Rifai; Sergiu Manea (BCR) | Studio scandal and banking confrontation |
4) Sub-campaign D: Greek political and economic clickbait
A smaller set focused on Greek themes, with partial overlap signals with campaign A. we also tracked two scam campains targeting Greece that use the same entities and infrastructure as Sub-Campaign A's Greek operation (same operator, same pixel, same token), but with content focused on generic political/economic news headlines rather than a specific "banker mic-drop" narrative. These are classified as a separate sub-type because they use distinct destination domains and softer language.
| Country / Brand | Public Figure | Narrative |
|---|---|---|
| Greece – in.gr | Finance Ministry | Economic crisis / debt monitoring shock |
In addition to emotional narratives, scammers sometimes claim the existence of official national investment platforms offering lucrative opportunities — a classic psychological hook.
For example, Bitdefender recently documented a Romanian case where attackers:
One of the most illustrative examples of this operation was observed in Romania, where scammers cloned DIGI24, a legitimate Romanian news broadcaster's visual identity.
The fabricated article claimed that during a live broadcast of “Gând la Gând cu Teo”, a serious on-air confrontation erupted between the TV host Teo Trandafir and her guest Mircea Badea. According to the fake narrative:
The cloned page transitions from scandal coverage into direct financial instructions:
“Scurte instrucțiuni despre cum să începeți să câștigați”
(Short instructions on how to start earning)
The steps include:
| Domain (Country) | Scam Theme | Role |
|---|---|---|
| flowcraftty.pro (United Kingdom) | Banking scandal | Core UK operation hub |
| buzzera.store (United Kingdom) | Banking scandal | Secondary UK routing domain |
| liwanagor.pro (Romania) | Celebrity will / banking | Major Romanian funnel domain |
| chertpostup.com (France) | Banking scandal | French redirect infrastructure |
| realnewsupdate.info (Greece) | Political / finance clickbait | Primary Greek funnel |
| infobr24.pro (Greece) | Political / finance clickbait | Secondary Greek routing |
| logicaquiferup.info (Italy) | Banking confrontation | Core Italian redirect domain |
| altimesrios.xyz (Italy) | Banking confrontation | Secondary Italian infrastructure |
| solgrikvix.info (Belgium) | Banking scandal | Belgian spoof funnel |
| shinyclarity.com (Poland) | Celebrity testament | Polish inheritance landing page |
| nutritiousroad.com (Poland) | Celebrity testament | High-volume Polish campaign domain |
| Country | Brand / Institution | Impersonation Type | Abuse Pattern |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | BBC / Bank of England | Fake breaking news | Fabricated live confrontation |
| Belgium | Le Soir | Domain spoofing | Lookalike domains |
| Romania | Libertatea | Preview abuse | Redirect credibility layer |
| Switzerland | Blick | Mass domain spoofing | 10+ fake domains |
| Switzerland | UBS | CEO confrontation | Fake TV scandal |
| Poland | Onet.pl | Preview abuse | Redirect entry point |
| Poland | Gazeta.pl | Typosquatting | Character substitution |
| Romania | Banca Transilvania | Brand impersonation | Fake banking scandal |
| Spain | Banco Santander | Brand impersonation | Fake TV confrontation |
| Spain | BBVA | Brand impersonation | Banking scandal narrative |
| Italy | Euronics | Brand impersonation | Cloaked redirect variant |
| Netherlands | DNB | Institutional impersonation | Fake talk show confrontation |
| Canada | CBC / Royal Bank | Broadcast + bank impersonation | Fake political scandal |
| Australia | Commonwealth Bank | Banking impersonation | Public grilling narrative |
| Japan | Bank of Japan / Yomiuri | Central bank + media spoof | Fake financial controversy |
A large part of the malvertising campaigns have observable signals of a Russian-speaking operator. Bitdefender Labs isolated every instance where direct, observable signals of a Russian-speaking operator appeared in raw ad metadata on Meta.
Signals were extracted exclusively from these elements:
No attribution is based on speculation or geopolitical assumptions — only on metadata strings visible inside campaign configuration.
Before reviewing the findings, three clarifications are essential:
The presence of Russian-language campaign parameters indicates a Russian-speaking cybercriminal affiliate network involved in generating leads for financial scams.
There is no evidence in this dataset of state sponsorship, intelligence agency involvement or political direction. This is observed in financially motivated criminal activity.
Three campaigns contain Ukrainian-language UI strings, distinct from Russian equivalents.
For example:
The mixture of Russian and Ukrainian Cyrillic across scam campaigns suggests a multi-national Slavic-speaking operator team, rather than a strictly Russian-language actor.
Two scam campaigns are linked via common dynamic ad URL parameter referencing the same Facebook ad account. While suggestive of Slavic-language use, account naming alone does not confirm geographic origin. These are included as lower-confidence signals.
The following Russian-language terms were found verbatim inside campaign infrastructure parameters:
|
Russian Term |
English Meaning |
Operational Significance |
|
ручка |
“handle / pen” |
Affiliate marketing slang for
manual CPA bidding — highly specific industry jargon |
|
лиды / лид |
“leads” |
Confirms lead-generation
objective (investment funnel) |
|
ани / Ани |
“Ani” (name) |
Likely campaign manager name
embedded in campaign strings |
|
крео |
“creative” |
Internal shorthand for ad
creative |
|
Копия |
“Copy” |
Russian campaign duplication
suffix |
|
Новое объявление с целью “Лиды” |
“New ad for Leads objective” |
Facebook auto-generated naming
in Russian UI |
|
Новая группа объявлений с целью
“Лиды” |
“New ad set for Leads objective” |
Russian-language Meta interface |
|
Трафик за лид |
“Traffic per lead” |
Cost-per-lead traffic model
reference |
|
италия |
“Italy” |
Country name written in Russian
Cyrillic |
|
испания |
“Spain” |
Country name written in Russian
Cyrillic |
|
дж+ль |
Abbreviated journalist shorthand |
Russian-style internal shorthand |
|
миллионер |
“Millionaire” |
Russian keyword appearing in
targeting strings |
|
языки / яызки |
“Languages” |
Targeting note; typo confirms
manual input |
|
Моника |
“Monika” |
Polish name written in Russian
Cyrillic |
These terms are not visible to users. They exist inside ad management parameters.
The following Ukrainian-language strings were observed:
|
Ukrainian Term |
Russian Equivalent |
Operational Meaning |
|
Новий набір реклами з ціллю
«Ліди» |
Новая группа объявлений с целью
«Лиды» |
Facebook UI set to Ukrainian
locale |
|
копія / – копія |
Копия |
Ukrainian duplication suffix
(lowercase “і”) |
This confirms at least one account or operator environment was configured in Ukrainian.
Beyond the scale, this operation is notable for the deliberate engineering used to evade Meta’s ad review systems. The actors did not simply post fake content, but designed infrastructure specifically to survive automated moderation, including:
1. Whitelisted Domain ‘Sandwiching’
Ads displayed trusted preview domains of major news outlets, retail brands, and even google.com while the actual click routed users through redirect chains to investment scam landing pages.
To both users and moderation systems, the ad looked legitimate at first. The trusted domain acted as a credibility shield, masking the true destination.
2. Media Brand Spoofing & Domain Squatting
Operators registered convincing lookalike domains mimicking national media brands. Examples included multiple fake Swiss Blick domains, Belgian Le Soir lookalikes, Polish news typosquats and Spanish El Mundo clone networks.
These domains were visually credible and designed to withstand superficial inspection while routing traffic to financial lead-generation pages.
Italy’s Restaurant Cloaking Technique
The scam operation targeting Italy introduced a different evasion layer. Instead of spoofing media brands, the campaign operators used legitimate restaurant websites from Florence as preview URLs. To automated systems, the URL pointed to a real restaurant page. But when a user clicked, traffic was silently redirected to investment scam infrastructure. While other countries forged media identities, the Italian operation borrowed real businesses as camouflage.
3. Homoglyph (Character Substitution) Obfuscation
In several malvertising campaigns, Cyrillic characters were substituted for Latin letters in ad copy.
To the human eye, the text looked normal. To automated keyword filters, the string was technically different, allowing flagged terms to bypass detection. This also signals a deliberate moderation awareness.
4. Rotating Facebook Page Entities
Instead of using a single page, operators rotated multiple low-credibility or generic Facebook pages to distribute ad spend and reduce enforcement exposure. This fragmentation complicates attribution and slows takedown efforts.
Our investigation shows that modern investment scams no longer look like obvious fraud. Instead, they may start with a breaking news story, live TV scandal, or fake official national investment programs. If you see a shocking confrontation involving a banker, politician, journalist, or celebrity, especially in a sponsored social media ad — pause before clicking.
1. Don’t trust ‘breaking news’ inside social media ads
If a public figure truly stormed off live TV, it would be covered widely by multiple legitimate outlets.
Search directly for the story on:
If it only exists in a sponsored post, it’s almost certainly a scam.
2. Be suspicious of ‘deleted interview’ or ‘watch before it’s removed’ claims
Be cautious of ads using psychological triggers like:
3. Look closely at the website address
Even if the preview looks legitimate:
In this campaign, trusted news brands were impersonated through lookalike domains
4. Never deposit money because of a news story
Stop immediately if a “news article” suddenly shifts into:
Legitimate banks, journalists, and public officials do not promote private investment platforms through viral TV confrontations.
5. Treat celebrity and political endorsements with caution
If a public figure appears to endorse a trading platform:
6. Remember: Sponsored does not mean verified
Paid ads on major platforms can still be fraudulent.
The presence of a sponsored label does not guarantee legitimacy.
Scammers use advertising tools to amplify reach and target specific regions, just like legitimate marketers.
7. Protect yourself against investment fraud pressure tactics
After submitting contact details, victims often receive:
If someone pressures you to invest quickly, it’s a red flag.
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Working as Team Lead in the Mobile Security & Forensics Unit, I am always ready to deal with the latest threats in the Android Ecosystem. I like to play the saxophone in my spare time and go fishing.
View all postsAs a Team Lead at Bitdefender, I specialize in malware analysis and detection of scams, uncovering emerging threats and translating them into actionable insights that strengthen digital resilience.
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